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This is Info file fontname.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.64 from the input file fontname.texi. START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * Naming TeX fonts: (fontname). Filenames for TeX fonts. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY File: fontname.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Up: (dir) Filenames for TeX fonts *********************** This is Fontname 2.1, a naming scheme for (the base part of) external TeX font filenames. Released in July 1996. * Menu: * Introduction:: Rationale and basic information about fonts. * Filenames for fonts:: The construction of font names. * Long names:: A specification for long filenames. * Font name lists:: Real fontnames for many existing fonts. * Encodings:: Specifications for various encodings. * Font legalities:: Legal issues vary from country to country. * Index:: Index. File: fontname.info, Node: Introduction, Next: Filenames for fonts, Prev: Top, Up: Top Introduction ************ This is Fontname 2.1, a naming scheme for (the base part of) external TeX font filenames. This makes at most eight-character names from (almost) arbitrarily complex font names, thus helping portability of TeX documents. We point out some shortcomings of the scheme, and ways of dealing with them. Please send additions, corrections, or other comments to me at `kb@mail.tug.org', or to the mailing list `tex-fonts@mail.tug.org'. Email `tex-fonts-request@mail.tug.org' to join the list. Besides this document, the Fontname distribution includes various encoding files, mapping files, and utilities. See the file `README' for details. You can retrieve the most up-to-date version of these lists by anonymous ftp as `ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/fontname'. This directory is mirrored on all CTAN hosts (`ftp.dante.de', `ftp.tex.ac.uk', and their mirrors, such as `ftp.cdrom.com') in the directory `tex-archive/doc/fontname'. For a list of CTAN mirrors, finger `ctan@ftp.tug.org'. This document is uncopyrighted and may be used freely. * Menu: * History:: * References:: File: fontname.info, Node: History, Next: References, Up: Introduction History ======= The original inspiration for Fontname was Frank Mittelbach and Rainer Schoepf's article in `TUGboat' 11(2) (June 1990), which led to my article in `TUGboat' 11(4) (November 1990), pages 512-519. Mittelbach wrote another article criticizing the scheme below in `TUGboat' 13(1) (April 1992), pages 51-53; most of his points are well-taken, but I saw no alternative then, and see no alternative now. Others of his points are addressed in the appropriate sections below. In August 1995, Fontname version 2 was released, concomitantly with a new release of the PostScript fonts for use with LaTeX and Dvips. After several years of experience, several modifications of the original distribution seemed desirable: more precise specification of encodings (*note Variants::.); machine-readable mapping files (the `*.map' files in the distribution) and standardizing directory names as well as font filenames (included in `supplier.map' and `typeface.map'). In Fontname version 1, some encoding variant characters (`0', `2', etc.) have been reassigned to a `7' or `8' sequence (*note Variants::.). Although this is an incompatible change, the advantages of (1) consistency in naming encoding variants, and (2) having some free variants makes it worthwhile. Also, not so coincidentally, new metrics for PostScript fonts in the Cork encoding were issued--same encoding, different metrics. So a new name served a practical purpose as well. Many people have contributed to this work. In particular, I gratefully acknowledge Nelson Beebe, Barbara Beeton, Rocky Bernstein, Thierry Bouche, Damian Cugley, Berthold K.P. Horn, Alan Jeffrey, Russell Lang, Pierre MacKay, Sebastian Rahtz, Jean Rivlin, and Tom Rokicki. File: fontname.info, Node: References, Prev: History, Up: Introduction References ========== Related files and distributions: * The TeX Directory Structure (TDS) standard, available from (`ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/tds' and `CTAN:/tds') specifies a directory tree for all TeX library files. The directory names given in *Note Suppliers:: and *Note Typefaces:: are intended to mesh with that standard. * The `modes.mf' file (`ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf') contains recommended mode names to use as directory names. * The PSfonts distribution (`CTAN:/fonts/psfonts') contains TeX support for many fonts, both commercially available and free. * The Fontinst distribution (`CTAN:/fonts/utilities/psfonts') supports quite general creation of virtual fonts, named according to the scheme given here. * The Dvips translator (original from `ftp://labrea.stanford.edu/pub/dvips*.tar.gz' and variation from `ftp://ftp.cs.umb.edu/pub/tex/dvipsk.tar.gz') supports resident and downloadable PostScript fonts. Dvips was the first real application of Fontname 1. Dvips also includes Afm2tfm, another program that can create virtual fonts. * The Dviljk processor (`ftp://ftp.cs.umb.edu/pub/tex/dviljk.tar.gz') contains TeX support for the fonts built into the LaserJet 4. * `Designing New Typefaces with Metafont', by Richard Southall, Stanford Computer Science Department Technical Report STAN-CS-85-1074, September 1985, for a comprehensive terminology of font design. File: fontname.info, Node: Filenames for fonts, Next: Long names, Prev: Introduction, Up: Top Filenames for fonts ******************* We must limit ourselves to eight character names, for compatibility with DOS filesystems and the ISO 9660 standard used for CD-ROM distribution. Names may consist of only the letters (monocase a-z), numerals (0-9), and underscore. Here is the basic division of the eight characters (the spaces here are merely for readability): S TT W [V...] [N] [E] [DD] where S represents the supplier of the font. TT represents the typeface name. W represents the weight. V... represents the variant(s), and is omitted if both it and the width are normal. Many fonts have more than one variant. N represents the encoding, and is omitted if the encoding is nonstandard. Encodings are subsumed in the section on variants (*note Variants::.). E represents the width ("expansion"), and is omitted if it is normal. DD represents the design size (in decimal), and is omitted if the font is linearly scaled. Mittelbach in `TUGboat' 13(1) proposes using hexadecimal or base-36 notation. I don't think the increased range makes up for the unreadability of the common sizes (e.g., 10pt fonts would have a suffix `a' (in hex), or `j' (in base 36)). The weight, variants, and width are probably all best taken from the original name of the font, instead of trying to relate them to some external standard. * Menu: * Suppliers:: * Typefaces:: * Weights:: * Variants:: * Widths:: File: fontname.info, Node: Suppliers, Next: Typefaces, Up: Filenames for fonts Suppliers ========= The "supplier" is the source of a font, typically a (digital) type foundry. You should use the supplier letter which matches the supplier you obtained the font from, not the original source; for example, Avant Garde was designed by Herb Lubalin for ITC, but Adobe also sells it. The name of the font that you get from Adobe should start with `p'. This is because font resellers typically make modifications to the original design. Notes on specific suppliers: `f' For fonts that are distributed without any specific attribution to the creator, by individuals, or by small foundries. (Unfortunately, we don't have enough characters to assign one to every font supplier in the world.) `r' obsolete; specifies raw fonts, in the old distribution of Dvips. New fonts should never use `r'. (The right thing to do is specify the correct encoding, variant, or whatever the font's characteristics actually are.) `z' for fonts that just don't fit well into the naming scheme. The `z' should be followed by the real supplier letter. Here is the table from the file `supplier.map'. It is organized alphabetically by abbreviation. Each line consists of an abbreviation, directory name, and comment. 9 unknown a autologi Autologic b bitstrea Bitstream c cg Compugraphic d dtc Digital Typeface Corporation e apple Apple f public small foundries g gnu Free Software Foundation h bh Bigelow & Holmes i itc International Typeface Corporation k softkey SoftKey l linotype Linotype m monotype Monotype n ibm IBM o corel Corel p adobe Adobe (`p' for PostScript) s sun Sun t paragrap ParaGraph u urw URW z - bizarre (fontname is nonstandard) File: fontname.info, Node: Typefaces, Next: Weights, Prev: Suppliers, Up: Filenames for fonts Typefaces ========= For our purposes, a "typeface" is a collection of related fonts. We sometimes use the same typeface abbreviation for fonts with different supplier names, where we know (usually by inspection) that the fonts truly are the same. This helps conserve abbreviations. Notes on specific typefaces: `ad' `gm' To explain a common confusion: `ad' is Adobe Garamond (with a `FontName' of `AGaramond'). This is quite different from the `Garamond' typeface distributed by Adobe, which is actually ITC Garamond. (Garamond No. 3 (`f3'), Simoncini Garamond (`ig'), and Stempel Garamond (`eg') are still other variations on the Garamond theme.) `lh' `ls' `lx' `r1' These abbreviations for Lucida typeface subfamilies, et al., solve a problem with names getting too long, or help conserve variant abbreviations. *Note Variants::. Ideally, they would not exist. `ns' `nt' `tm' Suppliers like to offer as many variations on the Times New Roman design as they do Garamond. Adobe has `Times', `TimesNewRoman', and `TimesNewRomanPS'. Although this last has been used by other foundries (e.g., Monotype) for a Times variation exactly compatible with Adobe's `Times', Adobe itself also offers it, so we must have abbreviations for all three. `pi' For pi fonts. Since names of pi fonts are rather arbitrary, it is not useful to try to assign typeface abbreviations to all of them. Instead, we use the supplier letter, `pi', an arbitarily-assigned three-digit number, a weight and (if necessary) a variant. For example, `mpi001r'. Pi font `001' for one supplier has nothing to do with pi font `001' for another. Here is the table, from the file `typeface.map'. It is organized alphabetically by abbreviation. Each line consists of an abbreviation and directory name, possibly followed by PostScript `FontName's and/or a comment in roman. The `FontName' may be preceded by a letter S and a `:', as in `b:Dutch'. In that case, the S is a supplier abbreviation, and we've used that abbreviation for the given `FontName' from that supplier. a1 arial Arial a2 amasis Amasis a3 adlib AdLib a4 altgoth2 AlternateGothicNo2 a5 allegro Allegro a6 amelia Amelia a7 amertext AmericanText a8 aurora Aurora a9 adsans Adsans b:Humanist970BT aa aachen Aachen ab aboeckli ArnoldBoecklin ac acaslon ACaslon Adobe Caslon ad agaramon AGaramond Adobe Garamond ag avantgar AvantGarde m:MAvantGardeGothicPS u:URWGothicL ah ashleysc AshleyScript ai abadi Abadi al albertus Albertus b:Flareserif821BT am amercana Americana b:Americana an anna Anna ao atqolive AntiqueOlive b:Incised901BT ap apollo Apollo aq antiqua Antiqua u:URWAntiqua m:BookAntiqua ar arcadia Arcadia as aldus Aldus at atypewri AmericanTypewriter au auriol Auriol b:Freeform721 av avenir Avenir az azdzgrot AkzidenzGrotesk b:Gothic725BT b0 blackoak Blackoak b1 blado Blado b2 binnyos BinnyOldStyle b3 braggado Braggadocio b4 bison Bison b:Brush738BT b5 binghams BinghamScript b:Freehand591BT b6 block Block b:Gothic821 b7 bernhard Bernhard BernhardModern b8 blippo Blippo b9 bremen Bremen bb bembo Bembo b:Aldine401BT bc banco Banco bd bodoni Bodoni be bell Bell bf biffo Biffo bg benguiat Benguiat bh bauhaus Bauhaus bi birch Birch bk bookman Bookman m:MBookmanPS u:URWBookmanL bl belwe Belwe bm bulmer Bulmer bn bernard Bernard bo balloon Balloon bp bodocamp BodoniCampanile b:Modern735 br berling Berling b:Revival565BT bs bakersig BakerSignet bt boton Boton bu brush Brush bv baskervi Baskerville bw broadway Broadway by berkeley Berkeley c0 carolina Carolina c1 calisto Calisto c2 casln224 CaslonTwoTwentyFour c3 caslon3 CaslonThree c4 chicago Chicago c5 casln540 CaslonFiveForty c6 clarion Clarion c7 compacta Compacta c8 calvert Calvert c9 codex Codex b:Calligraphic421BT ca caslon Caslon cb cooper Cooper cc cascade Cascade b:Freehand471BT cd clarendo Clarendon ce centenni Centennial cf clearfac Clearface cg charlema Charlemagne ch charter Charter ci candida Candida cl cloister Cloister cm cm Computer Modern cn century Century co cochin Cochin cp copperpl Copperplate cq cheq Cheq cr courier Courier m:MCourierPS m:CourierTwelveMT u:NumbusMonL cs cntursbk CenturySchoolbook ct cheltenh Cheltenham cu centuros CenturyOldStyle cv clairvx Clairvaux cw cottonwd Cottonwood cx caxton Caxton cy city City b:SquareSlabserif711BT cz choc Choc b:Staccato555BT d0 davida DavidaBold dc domcasl Dom DomCasual DomDiagonal dd ducberry DucDeBerry de dellarob DellaRobbia di diotima Diotima b:Calligraphic810BT dl dolores Dolores dm delima Delima dr doric Doric ds dorchesc DorchesterScript dt dante Dante e0 embassy Embassy e1 empire Empire ea lectra Electra b:Transitional521BT eb baskerbe BaskervilleBE ec applecha e:AppleChancery ee egyptian Egyptian EgyptianExtended ef egyptien EgyptienneF eg stgaramo StempelGaramond b:OriginalGaramondBT eh engsft Engschrift ei esprit Esprit ek eckmann Eckmann b:Freeform710 el ellingtn Ellington en engraver Engravers eo amerigo Amerigo b:AmerigoBT er eras Eras es eurostil Eurostile b:Square721BT k:Minima et ehrhardt Ehrhardt eu euler Euler ex exclsior Excelsior f0 flemishs FlemishScript f1 fournier Fournier f2 facade Facade f3 festival Festival f4 footligh Footlight f5 french French fa formata Formata fe forte Forte ff fairfld Fairfield b:Transitional551BT fg frankgth FranklinGothic fi figaro Figaro fl flora Flora fn fenice Fenice fo folio Folio fq frizquad FrizQuadrata fr frutiger Frutiger b:Humanist777BT fs falstaff Falstaff ft fettefrk FetteFraktur Fraktur fu futura Futura fx felixttl FelixTitling fy flyer Flyer g0 gando Gando g1 gothic13 GothicThirteen g2 giddyup Giddyup g3 garamon3 GaramondThree b:AmercianGaramondBT Garamond No. 3 g4 gymodern GoudyModern g5 gycatalg GoudyCatalogue g6 gorilla GorillaITC g9 ugaramon GaramondRetrospective gb gothicbb GothicBBB ge geneva e:Geneva gg garthgra GarthGraphic gj granjon Granjon b:ElegantGaramondBT gl galliard Galliard gm garamond Garamond go gyoldsty GoudyOldStyle gp glypha Glypha gq grotesq Grotesque u:URWGrotesk gr gloucest Gloucester gs gillsans GillSans m:GillAltOneMT b:Humanist521BT gt goudytxt GoudyText gu guardi Guardi gv giovanni Giovanni gy goudy Goudy h0 handelgo HandelGothic hb hobo Hobo Tramp hc herculnm Herculanum hd headline Headline hg hiroshig Hiroshige hi hvinsera HelveticaInserat b:Swiss921BT hm charme Charme hn hvneue HelveticaNeue ho horleyos HorleyOldStyle hr hvround HelveticaRounded hs hnseati Hanseatic B:Swiss924BT ht hoeflert e:HoeflerText hv helvetic Helvetica u:NimbusSans u:NumbusSanL b:Swiss721BT b:Monospace821BT b:Swiss911BT d:Sans Newton n:SonoranSansSerif hw schadow Schadow hx huxleyvr HuxleyVertical i0 commscr CommercialScript i1 impress Impress i2 impuls Impuls ia insignia Insignia ib ibycus Ibycus ic impact Impact if inflex Inflex ig scgaramo SimonciniGaramond b:ItalianGaramond ii imprint Imprint il caecilia Caecilia im imago Imago in industri Industria io ionic Ionic b:News701BT ip impressm Impressum is italnos ItalianOldStyle it italia Italia iw ironwood Ironwood iy iowanold IowanOldStyle jf jeffersn Jefferson b:Freehand575BT jn janson Janson jo joanna Joanna jp juniper Juniper kb kabel Kabel kg bankgoth BankGothic kl klang Klang kn kino Kino ko bookmano BookmanOldStyle kr korinna Korinna ks kuenstsc KuenstlerScript ku kaufmann Kaufmann l1 liberty Liberty l2 libra Libra l3 lucia Lucia l4 lucian Lucian lb lubaling LubalinGraph lc lucida Lucida lf life Life lg lettrgth LetterGothic ISILGothic lh lubright LucidaBright li latin Latin ln lino Lino lo lithos Lithos ls lucsans LucidaSans lt lutetia Lutetia lw leawood Leawood lx lucidfax LucidaFax ly lydian Lydian m0 monospac Monospace m1 monolisc MonolineScript m2 metro Metro b:Geometric415BT m3 mirarae Mirareae m4 mrearl MisterEarl m5 murrayhl MurrayHill m6 mittlsft Mittelschrift m7 matura Matura m8 monotyos MonotypeOldStyle ma mandate Mandate b:Freehand521BT mc monaco e:Monaco md meridien Meridien me mercursc MercuriusScript mg marigold Marigold mh machine Machine mi medici Medici ml melior Melior b:ZapfElliptical711BT mn minion Minion mo modern Modern b:Modern20BT mp memphis Memphis b:GeometricSlab703BT mq mesquite Mesquite mr madrone Madrone ms mistral Mistral b:Staccato222BT mt minister Minister mv malvern Malvern mx maximus Maximus mz amazone Amazone n0 normande Normande n1 binner Binner na newaster NewAster nb nbaskerv NewBaskerville nc ncntrsbk NewCenturySchlbk u:CenturySchL nd ncaledon NewCaledonia nf nofret Nofret ng newsgth NewsGothic ni nimrod Nimrod nk neograph Neographik nl neuland Neuland b:Informal011BT nm nimbus Nimbus nn nclarend NewClarendon np nsplanti NewsPlantin nr nberolin NewBerolina ns timesnps TimesNewRomanPS nt timesnew TimesNewRoman m:TimesNR n:SonoranSerif nu nuptial Nuptial nv novarese Novarese nz neuzeits NeuzeitS b:Geometric706BT o0 oldreadf OldDreadfulNo7 o1 oranda Oranda o2 orbitb OrbitB o3 colonna Colonna o4 oceansan OceanSans o7 oldsty7 OldStyleSeven oa ocra OCR-A ob ocrb OCR-B oc concorde Concorde oe oldengli OldEnglish b:English157 oi ondine Ondine Mermaid b:FormalScript421BT ol colmcill Colmcille om omnia Omnia on corona Corona op optima Optima d:Optimum b:ZapfHumanist601BT Omega or orator Orator os oldstyle OldStyle ot coronet Coronet b:Ribbon131BT ov octavian Octavian ox onyx Onyx oy olympian Olympian l:OlympicLH oz ozhandcr OzHandicraft p0 poplar Poplar p1 palacesc PalaceScript p2 pepita Pepita p3 palette Palette b:Brush445BT p4 pioneer PioneerITC p5 piranesi Piranesi p6 blueprin Blueprint pa parkave ParkAvenue pb ptbarnum PtBarnum pc poetica PoeticaChancery s:Scriptoria pd placard Placard pe prestige PrestigeElite pf profile Profile Profil b:Decorated035BT pg peignot Peignot b:Exotic350BT ph photina Photina pi pi pi fonts---see text and `*.map' files pl palatino Palatino d:Palton b:ZapfCalligraphic801BT u:URWPalladioL Palmspring k:Palindrome pn plantin Plantin b:Aldine721BT po ponderos Ponderosa pp perpetua Perpetua b:Lapidary333BT pq postatqa PostAntiqua ps parisian Parisian pt present Present pu popplaud PopplLaudatio pw perrywoo Perrywood px popplpfx PopplPontifex py playbill Playbill pz poliphil Poliphilus qr quorum Quorum qt boulevar Boulevard r0 romana Romana r1 rotis RotisSemi r2 cantoria Cantoria ra raleigh Raleigh ro rotis Rotis rm carmina Carmina rp reporter Reporter rq russelsq RussellSquare rs arrus Arrus rt carta Carta ru runic Runic rv revue Revue rw rockwell Rockwell Slate b:GeometricSlab712BT ry ryumin Ryumin s0 sanmarco SanMarco s1 scotchro ScotchRoman s2 script Script s3 seagull Seagull s4 shotgun Shotgun ShotgunBlanks s5 snell Snell s6 stuyvesa Stuyvesant s7 sassoon Sassoon sb sabon Sabon b:ClassicalGaramondBT sc slimbach Slimbach sf serifa Serifa sg serifgth SerifGothic sh shannon Shannon sk skia e:Skia sl stencil Stencil sm spectrum Spectrum sn spartan Spartan so sonata Sonata sp serpenti Serpentine sr snellrnd SnellRoundhand ss stschnei StempelSchneidler st stone Stone sv souvenir Souvenir sw swing Swing sx syntax Syntax sy symbol Symbol m:MSymbolPS u:StandardSymL t0 tango Tango t1 thunderb Thunderbird t2 typo TypoUpright tb bebodoni BBodoni Berthold Bodoni te timeseur TimesEuropa tf tiffany Tiffany tg tradegth TradeGothic ti techphon TechPhonetic tj trajan Trajan tk tekton Tekton tl castella Castellar tm times Times u:NimbusRoman u:NimbusRomNo9L b:Dutch801BT to torino Torino b:Industrial736BT tp tempo Tempo tv trumpmed TrumpMediaeval b:Kuenstler480BT tw twentyc TwentiethCentury ty typewrit Typewriter u0 columbus Columbus ub babodoni BauerBodoni ug bengugth BenguiatGothic uh cushing Cushing ul universa Universal um umbra Umbra un univers Univers b:ZurichBT ur centaur Centaur b:Venetian301BT ut utopia Utopia uw usherwoo Usherwood uy universi University v0 vineta Vineta va activa Activa vc vectora Vectora vd vandijck VanDijck vi victoria Victoria vj veljovic Veljovic vl versaill Versailles vr vagrnd VAGRounded w0 weddingt WeddingT wb walbaum Walbaum wd weideman Weidemann wg wlklgth WilhelmKlingsporGotisch wi wingding Wingdings wk wilke Wilke wn windsor Windsor wr wittenbe WitternbergerFrakt ws weiss Weiss ww willow Willow yg centuryg CenturyGothic yh strayhor Strayhorn ym stymie Stymie za zantiqua ZAntiqua zc zapfchan ZapfChancery m:ZapfChanceryPS u:URWChanceryL zd zapfding ZapfDingbats m:ZapfDingbatsPS u:Dingbats zg neuzeitg NeuzeitGrotesk zt zeitgeis Zeitgeist File: fontname.info, Node: Weights, Next: Variants, Prev: Typefaces, Up: Filenames for fonts Weights ======= The "weight" of a font specifies its boldness. Arranged from lightest to heaviest (more or less): hairline, extra light, light book, regular, medium demibold, semibold, bold, extra bold, heavy black, ultra, poster Here is the table, from the file `weight.map'. It is organized alphabetically by abbreviation. Each line consists of an abbreviation and any parts of a PostScript `FontName' which use that abbreviation. a Thin Hairline b Bold c Black d Demi h Heavy Heavyface j ExtraLight k Book l Light m Medium p Poster r Regular Roman s Semibold u Ultra UltraBlack x ExtraBold ExtraBlack File: fontname.info, Node: Variants, Next: Widths, Prev: Weights, Up: Filenames for fonts Variants ======== "Variants" include typeface variations (e.g., italic, sans serif), and font encodings (e.g., Adobe standard, TeX text). A fontname may require multiple variants. To resolve the worst ambiguities, we specify that any encoding variant (`7', `8', or `9', see below) come last and any other numeral variant come first (to avoid confusion with a design size). We recommend but do not require that the other variants be given in alphabetical order. (It's not required because it's too painful to implement the sorting in TeX, and many existing names already have non-alphabetized variants.) The letterspacing possibilities introduced by `fontinst' and virtual fonts have not yet become sufficiently widespread to make standardization beneficial. Likewise for the many possible ways to generate small caps fonts. Notes on specific variants, both old and new: `1' `4' `6' `b' These variants (`semisans', `bright', `semiserif', and `fax') were used only for single typefaces, so to conserve variant abbreviations, they now have typeface abbreviations instead. Also, for `b', to avoid too-long names; and for the others, to avoid variant vs. design-size ambiguities. `g' `h' Since these variants were not actually used in any font names, they are now obsolete and may be reassigned in the future. `5' `6' `7' `8' `9' These characters begin a two-character "encoding variant". Generally, `7' is for 7-bit encodings, `8' is for 8-bit encodings, and `9' is for expertised encodings with or without oldstyle digits (see the `x' item below), but this is not an absolute rule. Also, `5' is presently used for phonetic encodings and `6' for Cyrillic encodings. The `9s' (`SuperFont') variant contain all of Adobe, Latin 1, and Expert glyphs, perhaps with slightly different metrics than the original fonts. For a font to be named with a certain encoding variant, it's not necessary that all the characters appear in precisely the same positions as in the encoding definition. It's enough that the usual TeX macros work. In practice, this means that it's ok for a font to be labelled `7t' if the only difference from Computer Modern is that the ligatures and the `lslash' and `Lslash' characters are different, since it's impossible to access or change the ligature table from TeX. Standard PostScript fonts don't have an `lslash' character the way Computer Modern does, but they do have the `Lslash' and `lslash' characters themselves, so the usual TeX `\lslash' and `\Lslash' macros can be made to work via ligatures. See the file `T1.etx' file in the `fontinst' distribution for details. If a name does not contain a specific encoding variant, its encoding is unspecified. For example, some of the fonts distributed with Dvips(k) have names like `ptmr' for `Times-Roman'; they use the Dvips encoding (*note dvips::.), which is close to (but not the same as) the TeX text encoding (as in Computer Modern Roman). Similarly, the TFM files distributed with Dvilj(k) for the builtin LaserJet 4 fonts have names like `cunm', since these fonts, while compatible with TeX text, contain many additional characters. `9' These items are needed only because `x' (and possibly `j') followed by a two-character regular variant makes some names too long. That is, `9t' is equivalent in meaning to `x7t', and `9d' is equivalent to `jx7t'. (This may not be true for all `9X' encodings, though.) `k' `z' These variants (indicating Greek and Cyrillic fonts, respectively) are obsolete; future fonts in different scripts should be assigned an appropriate encoding abbreviation. These are not currently standardized, due to ignorance of the appropriate encodings. Please send suggestions for abbreviations to the address in *Note Introduction::. `m' `v' `y' These math-related variants remain for the sake of typeface-specific math encodings, e.g., Lucida. Fonts that use the Computer Modern math encodings should use `7m' (*note texmital::.), `7v' (*note texmext::.), and `7y' (*note texmsym::.). `n' This is used for several different (but very rare) variants: only the Stone typeface has an "informal" variant, and only a few Monotype fonts have a "schoolbook" variant, with different `a', `g', and `y' shapes. `r' Included only if no other variants, including encodings, apply, and either the width (*note Widths::.) is not `r' or a design size is present. I.e., `r' is only used as a placeholder. When the normal version of the typeface is sans serif (e.g., Helvetica), `r' should be used when necessary, not `s'. Use `s' only when the typeface family has both serif and sans serif variants. `s' `t' Mittelbach in `TUGboat' 13(1) suggests that these variants (for `sans' and `typewriter') should be identified as part of the typeface name, because there are few typeface families with these variants. I feel that since they are logically variants, it's best to name them that way. But `LucidaSans' (*note Typefaces::.) and a few others are exceptions, to avoid too-long names. `x' `8x' `9?' `8x' indicates a font in the `Expert' encoding itself. `x' indicates an "expertised" font, i.e., a composite (virtual) font that includes characters from an `8x' font. And in fact an `xEE' sequence is replaced by `9E', to save characters. Fontname 1 assignments are shown in brackets in the following table, from the file `variant.map'. It is organized alphabetically by abbreviation. Each line consists of an abbreviation and either any parts of a PostScript `FontName' which use that abbreviation or the PostScript `Encoding' name. obsolete [0=>8a] Adobe standard encoding obsolete [1 SemiSans] obsolete [2=>7c] Fraktur encoding obsolete [3=>7f] Fraction obsolete [4 fax; now typeface `lx', Lucida Fax] 5 escape for (presently) phonetic encodings 6 escape for Cyrillic encodings [was `SemiSerif'] 7 escape for (mostly) 7-bit encodings 8 escape for (mostly) 8-bit encodings 9 escape for (presently) expert encodings [was oldstyle digits] a Alt Arrows Alternative [was alternate encoding] obsolete [b bright; now typeface lh, Lucida Bright] c SmallCaps d Display Titling Caption Headline TallCaps SwashCaps LombardicCaps e Engraved Copperplate Elite f Fraktur Gothic OldEnglish Handtooled (`gothic' can also be sans) g SmallText designed for small sizes [was grooved, as in the IBM logo] h Shadow i Italic Kursiv Ital text italic j old-style digits [was invisible] k Greek obsolete l Outline OpenFace Blanks m math italic n Informal Fashion Schlbk for Stone o Oblique Obl slanted p Ornaments obsolete [q=>8t Cork (TeX extended) encoding] r roman or sans; often omitted, see text s Gothic sans serif t Monospace fixed-width typewriter u unslanted italic v MathExtension w Script Handwritten Swash Calligraphy Cursive Tango x built with Adobe expert encoding [was expert-encoded] y MathSymbol z Cyrillic font-dependent Cyrillic 5a PhoneticAlternate 5i PhoneticIPA 5s sil-IPA 6b Cyrillic part of ISO 8859-5, seven bits 6d Cyrillic CP866 encoding 6i ISO 8859-5 6k Cyrillic KOI-8 encoding 6m Cyrillic Macintosh encoding 6w Cyrillic CP1251 encoding 7a A alternate characters only 7c Dfr Fraktur 7d OsF OSF oldstyle digit encoding 7f Fraction 7k OT2Cyrillic 7m TeXMathItalicEncoding *note texmital::. 7t TeX text encoding (as in Computer Modern Roman) 7v TeXMathExtensionEncoding *note texmext::. 7y TeXMathSymbolEncoding *note texmsym::. 82 GreekKeys 83 Ibycus1 84 Ibycus2 8a StandardEncoding Adobe standard encoding, *note 8a::. 8c TeXTextCompanion LaTeX's TS1 8m Macintosh standard encoding 8r TeXBase1Encoding *note 8r::. 8t CorkEncoding *note cork::. 8u XT2Encoding cmtt + Latin 2, see `xl2.enc' 8w Windows 3.1 ANSI encoding 8x Expert expert encoding 8z XL2Encoding cmr + Latin 2, see `xl2.enc' 9c expert + Text companion 9d expert + oldstyle digits + Cork 9e expert + Cork 9o expert + oldstyle digits + TeX text 9s SF SuperFont 9t expert + TeX text File: fontname.info, Node: Widths, Prev: Variants, Up: Filenames for fonts Widths ====== The "width" of a font specifies the compression or expansion of the font. Arranged from narrowest to widest (more or less): ultra compressed, extra condensed, compressed, condensed, narrow regular extended, expanded, wide Expansion or compression of fonts is sometimes done automatically (as by the PostScript `scale' operator), and sometimes done by humans. In the latter case, the human will also presumably choose a font name which includes `Extended' or `Expanded' or `Condensed' or `Narrow' or whatever according to their own preferences; the abbreviation can follow along. When creating a new synthetically expanded or compressed font for use with TeX, e.g., with Afm2tfm or `fontinst', use `n' and `e'. Here is the table, from the file `width.map'. It is organized alphabetically by abbreviation. Each line consists of an abbreviation and any parts of a PostScript `FontName' which use that abbreviation. c Condensed Cond e Expanded n Narrow o UltraCondensed p Compressed Compact q ExtraCompressed ExtraCondensed r Normal Medium Regular (usually omitted) t Thin u UltraCompressed v ExtraExpanded more than Expanded, less than Wide w Wide x Extended Elongated File: fontname.info, Node: Long names, Next: Font name lists, Prev: Filenames for fonts, Up: Top Long names ********** Eight characters is not enough to unambiguously represent all fonts. To do that, we have to allow ourselves arbitrarily long names. Although we certainly cannot use such names for the files themselves, we could still use them in TeX documents given a simple mapping file, as discussed below. * Menu: * Name mapping file:: Aliases for fonts. * Long naming scheme:: A way to use more than 8 alphanumerics. File: fontname.info, Node: Name mapping file, Next: Long naming scheme, Up: Long names A fontname mapping file ======================= At the moment, most implementations of TeX look up a TFM file (as part of the `\font' command), by searching for a file with the name given by the user (possibly in any of series of directories). But if we also looked TFM names up in *another* file (or set of files), which specifies the actual filename, the fontname given in the TeX source file could be almost anything at all, of any length. In version 5.851d of Web2c, I implemented this mapping file. Each file `texfonts.map' in a search path is read for abbreviations. The file has a straightforward format: each line specifies the filename and the TeX name for one font, separated by whitespace. Extra information on the line is ignored; then more information could be specified for the benefit of DVI-reading programs in the same file. Comments start with `%' and continue to the end of the line. Besides allowing long names, this sort of mapping file has other benefits. TeX source or DVI files can be more easily transported, because the font names in a particular file can be made work on every system. Also, when combined with a consistent naming scheme, macros could be written to access any of a number of fonts. Right now, each font family has to have specialized macros written to deal with it. Incidentally, Professor Knuth has approved this as a legitimate "system-dependent" extension; a TeX with such a feature can still be called "TeX". File: fontname.info, Node: Long naming scheme, Prev: Name mapping file, Up: Long names A naming scheme for long names ============================== Once we allow ourselves long names, we can construct a naming scheme to handle arbitrary fonts without much difficulty. Here is one proposal, based on the X Window System font naming conventions. SUPPLIER-FAMILY-WEIGHT-VARIANTS-WIDTH-ENCODING--SIZE SUPPLIER is the usual `Adobe', `Autologic', etc., as well as `unknown' or `bizarre'--this last meaning the rest of the name is nonstandard. If the SUPPLIER is missing, i.e., the name starts with a `-', "public domain" is assumed. For fonts made by individuals, the initials of the designer would probably make a good SUPPLIER. FAMILY is `ComputerModern' or `Times' or whatever. Everything else is optional. The `--' before the SIZE lets one specify a name with, say, a weight and variants, but then skip the WIDTH and ENCODING, but still be able to give a size. WEIGHT and WIDTH are as described earlier. If there is more than one variant, they are separated with some character other than `-', say `=': B+H-Lucida-Bold-Sans=Typewriter--10 ENCODING is what Metafont calls the `font_coding_scheme'--the layout of the characters in the font. For example, `Cork' or `ISOLatin1' or `AdobeAlternate'. Names are case-sensitive, for consistency with the rest of TeX and with PostScript, etc. Spaces cannot be used in the name, to make it easier for TeX to parse. Likewise, characters with default category codes other than 11 (letter) or 12 (other) should not be used. Another possibility is to forget all the above, and simply use the vendor's name (perhaps prefixed by the vendor): `Times-Roman'. File: fontname.info, Node: Font name lists, Next: Encodings, Prev: Long names, Up: Top Font name lists *************** These sections contain a list of fonts from various suppliers together with the corresponding names. * Menu: * Standard PostScript fonts:: The standard 35 PostScript fonts. * Adobe fonts:: * Apple fonts:: * Bitstream fonts:: * DTC fonts:: * Linotype fonts:: * Monotype fonts:: * URW fonts:: File: fontname.info, Node: Standard PostScript fonts, Next: Adobe fonts, Up: Font name lists Standard PostScript fonts ========================= Abbreviated names for the 35 standard PostScript fonts. An encoding variant, such as `8a' for the Adobe `StandardEncoding', is omitted. `pagk' `AvantGarde-Book' `pagko' `AvantGarde-BookOblique' `pagd' `AvantGarde-Demi' `pagdo' `AvantGarde-DemiOblique' `pbkd' `Bookman-Demi' `pbkdi' `Bookman-DemiItalic' `pbkl' `Bookman-Light' `pbkli' `Bookman-LightItalic' `pcrb' `Courier-Bold' `pcrbo' `Courier-BoldOblique' `pcrr' `Courier' `pcrro' `Courier-Oblique' `phvb' `Helvetica-Bold' `phvbo' `Helvetica-BoldOblique' `phvbrn' `Helvetica-NarrowBold' `phvbon' `Helvetica-NarrowBoldOblique' `phvr' `Helvetica' `phvro' `Helvetica-Oblique' `phvrrn' `Helvetica-Narrow' `phvron' `Helvetica-NarrowOblique' `pncb' `NewCenturySchlbk-Bold' `pncbi' `NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic' `pncri' `NewCenturySchlbk-Italic' `pncr' `NewCenturySchlbk-Roman' `pplb' `Palatino-Bold' `pplbi' `Palatino-BoldItalic' `pplri' `Palatino-Italic' `pplr' `Palatino-Roman' `psyr' `Symbol' `ptmb' `Times-Bold' `ptmbi' `Times-BoldItalic' `ptmri' `Times-Italic' `ptmr' `Times-Roman' `pzcmi' `ZapfChancery-MediumItalic' `pzdr' `ZapfDingbats'